{"id":19972,"date":"2026-10-16T14:20:15","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T06:20:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/?p=19972"},"modified":"2026-10-16T14:22:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T06:22:55","slug":"pcba-cleaning-cleanliness-contamination-risks-and-how-to-improve-manufacturing-reliability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/pcba-cleaning-cleanliness-contamination-risks-and-how-to-improve-manufacturing-reliability\/","title":{"rendered":"PCBA Cleaning: Cleanliness, Contamination Risks and How to Improve Manufacturing Reliability"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"19972\" class=\"elementor elementor-19972\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cd4911 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4cd4911\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cef762 elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cef762\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0 A PCBA can look perfectly clean and still contain residues that affect long-term reliability.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 After soldering and assembly, a board may carry flux residues, ionic contamination, dust, handling residues and other process-related contaminants. Depending on the product design and operating environment, these residues can contribute to corrosion, leakage current, poor conformal coating adhesion and other reliability concerns.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 For EMS providers and electronics manufacturers, PCBA cleaning is therefore more than a cosmetic step. It is a process-control activity that can help reduce contamination-related risks and improve the consistency of downstream manufacturing processes.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 But how clean does a PCBA actually need to be? Which cleaning method should you use? And how can you verify the result?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-201d386 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"201d386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Basculer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Basculer<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/pcba-cleaning-cleanliness-contamination-risks-and-how-to-improve-manufacturing-reliability\/#What_Is_PCBA_Post-Assembly_Cleaning\" >What Is PCBA Post-Assembly Cleaning?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/pcba-cleaning-cleanliness-contamination-risks-and-how-to-improve-manufacturing-reliability\/#Where_Does_PCBA_Contamination_Come_From\" >Where Does PCBA Contamination Come From?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/pcba-cleaning-cleanliness-contamination-risks-and-how-to-improve-manufacturing-reliability\/#What_Problems_Can_PCBA_Contamination_Cause\" >What Problems Can PCBA Contamination Cause?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/pcba-cleaning-cleanliness-contamination-risks-and-how-to-improve-manufacturing-reliability\/#Why_Automation_Matters_in_PCBA_Cleaning\" >Why Automation Matters in PCBA Cleaning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/pcba-cleaning-cleanliness-contamination-risks-and-how-to-improve-manufacturing-reliability\/#How_Is_PCBA_Cleanliness_Verified\" >How Is PCBA Cleanliness Verified?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/pcba-cleaning-cleanliness-contamination-risks-and-how-to-improve-manufacturing-reliability\/#When_Does_Post-Assembly_Cleaning_Matter_Most\" >When Does Post-Assembly Cleaning Matter Most?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/pcba-cleaning-cleanliness-contamination-risks-and-how-to-improve-manufacturing-reliability\/#A_Clean-Looking_PCBA_Is_Not_Always_a_Clean_PCBA\" >A Clean-Looking PCBA Is Not Always a Clean PCBA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/pcba-cleaning-cleanliness-contamination-risks-and-how-to-improve-manufacturing-reliability\/#Final_Thoughts\" >Final Thoughts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_PCBA_Post-Assembly_Cleaning\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #079298;\"><strong>What Is PCBA Post-Assembly Cleaning?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0 PCBA post-assembly cleaning is the controlled removal of unwanted residues and contaminants from an assembled printed circuit board. Unlike cleaning a bare PCB, it has to deal with component packages, connectors, under-component areas and other hard-to-reach locations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df8b53c elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"df8b53c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/ERvJOUFG63M?si=LXqTnoVMAXKShBwU&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeff211 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aeff211\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0 The appropriate process depends on flux chemistry, soldering process, component density, material compatibility, operating environment, downstream steps such as conformal coating, and customer-specific cleanliness requirements. No single process suits every PCBA. The objective is a validated process that removes the contaminants that matter without damaging the assembly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb5c85b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bb5c85b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-702666c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"702666c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_Does_PCBA_Contamination_Come_From\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #079298;\">Where Does PCBA Contamination Come From?<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Contamination can enter an electronics manufacturing process at several different stages.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d01336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5d01336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Where-Does-PCBA-Contamination-Come-From-1024x683.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19983\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Where-Does-PCBA-Contamination-Come-From-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Where-Does-PCBA-Contamination-Come-From-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Where-Does-PCBA-Contamination-Come-From-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Where-Does-PCBA-Contamination-Come-From-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Where-Does-PCBA-Contamination-Come-From-600x400.png 600w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Where-Does-PCBA-Contamination-Come-From.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef86473 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef86473\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>\u00a0 Flux and Soldering Residues<\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Flux is an essential part of many soldering processes, but residues can remain after reflow, wave soldering or selective soldering.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Depending on the flux chemistry and process conditions, residues may contain organic materials and potentially ionic species. If these residues are not compatible with the product or its operating environment, they may contribute to electrical or reliability problems.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Soldering can also leave other process residues that need to be considered when defining a cleaning process.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00a0 Handling and Assembly Contamination<\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Manual handling can introduce fingerprints, skin oils and other organic contamination.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Dust and particles can also settle on the board during assembly.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Production fixtures, pallets, tools and other equipment can become contamination sources when they are not properly maintained. In some cases, cleaning the PCBA alone is not enough\u2014the equipment that comes into contact with the board must also be kept under control.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00a0 Environmental Contamination<\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Humidity and airborne particles can become more significant in demanding electronics applications.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Moisture is particularly important when ionic contamination is present. Under suitable electrical and environmental conditions, ionic residues can contribute to electrochemical processes that affect insulation resistance and long-term reliability.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0This is why contamination control should be considered as part of the overall manufacturing process rather than simply a final cleaning operation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e67696c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e67696c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Problems_Can_PCBA_Contamination_Cause\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #079298;\"><strong>What Problems Can PCBA Contamination Cause?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0The effect of contamination depends on the residue type, its concentration, location, board design and operating environment.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Several common risks deserve attention.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cac90c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cac90c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"427\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u672a\u547d\u540d-1-e1788513954223.jpg\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 wp-image-19733\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u672a\u547d\u540d-1-e1788513954223.jpg 427w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u672a\u547d\u540d-1-e1788513954223-300x267.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u672a\u547d\u540d-1-e1788513954223-13x12.jpg 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f7d055 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5f7d055\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f942dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f942dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>\u00a0<\/h4>\n<h4>\u00a0 Electrical Reliability<\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Ionic contamination combined with moisture can contribute to leakage current and electrochemical migration under suitable conditions.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0For high-reliability electronics, controlling potentially mobile ionic residues can therefore be an important part of process validation.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00a0 Corrosion<\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Certain residues can contribute to corrosion of metal surfaces and component terminations, particularly when moisture and other environmental factors are present.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0For products expected to operate for long periods, reducing unnecessary contamination can help control one potential source of reliability risk.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00a0 Conformal Coating Adhesion<\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Conformal coatings are designed to protect electronic assemblies from environmental exposure.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0However, contamination on the PCB surface can interfere with coating adhesion and may contribute to defects such as localized delamination or poor coverage.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0If conformal coating is part of the manufacturing process, surface preparation and cleanliness should be evaluated before coating.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00a0 Difficult Inspection and Rework<\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Residues can make certain inspection and rework operations more difficult.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0A controlled cleaning process can provide a more consistent surface condition, helping manufacturers establish a repeatable downstream process.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00a0 PCBA Cleaning Methods<\/h4>\n<table style=\"height: 632px;\" width=\"493\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><strong><b>M\u00e9thode<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p><strong><b>Typical Application<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">\n<p><strong><b>Main Advantage<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">\n<p><strong><b>Key Consideration<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Water-Based<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Flux &amp; ionic residues<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">\n<p>Repeatable and suitable for automation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">\n<p>Chemistry &amp; wastewater management<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Solvent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Selected organic residues<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">\n<p>Strong dissolving capability<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">\n<p>Compatibility &amp; VOC<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Ultrasonic<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Complex geometries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">\n<p>Cavitation-assisted cleaning<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">\n<p>Component sensitivity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Dry Ice<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Selected surface contamination<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">\n<p>No conventional liquid bath<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">\n<p>ESD &amp; process validation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a6757d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1a6757d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95fe55a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95fe55a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><b>\u00a0 \u00a0Nettoyage \u00e0 base d'eau <\/b><\/strong>uses water with a suitable cleaning chemistry to remove flux residues and other contaminants. Deionized water is commonly used for rinsing because of its low ionic content, but it is not a universal solution on its own. The chemistry must be matched to the residue being removed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u00a0 \u00a0Solvent cleaning <\/b><\/strong>dissolves certain organic contaminants and flux residues. It can be effective for specific applications, but material and component compatibility, VOC emissions, worker safety and waste handling all need to be considered.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u00a0 \u00a0Ultrasonic cleaning <\/b><\/strong>uses cavitation to reach complex geometries and difficult areas. For assembled electronics it must be evaluated carefully, since component construction, package type and acoustic energy all influence whether it is appropriate.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u00a0 \u00a0Dry ice cleaning <\/b><\/strong>uses accelerated CO\u2082 particles to remove selected surface contaminants, and the medium sublimates after impact. It is not a universal replacement for aqueous or solvent cleaning; ESD control, particle impact and component sensitivity must be evaluated first.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0The best cleaning technology is the one that matches the actual contamination and the requirements of the PCBA.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f349dcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f349dcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Automation_Matters_in_PCBA_Cleaning\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #079298;\"><strong><b>Why Automation Matters in PCBA Cleaning<\/b><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Manual cleaning may be suitable for prototypes, repair work or very low-volume production. As volume increases, consistency becomes difficult: different operators use different amounts of chemistry, cleaning times and mechanical action, so results become less repeatable.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0An automated system standardizes the process. A typical cycle looks like this:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><b>Loading \u2192 Cleaning \u2192 Rinsing \u2192 Drying \u2192 Unloading<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Parameters such as cleaning time, temperature, spray pressure, rinse conditions and drying can be controlled, which makes the process more repeatable and less dependent on operator technique.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0 Automated Water Based PCBA Cleaning<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65d21ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"65d21ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19723\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-scaled-e1773718419978.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39feb56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39feb56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0 \u00a0DEZSMART\u2019s C743 PCBA Cleaning Machine is designed for automated water-based cleaning of assembled PCBs. It integrates cleaning, rinsing and drying into one controlled process, helping manufacturers move away from inconsistent manual cleaning when production requirements justify automation.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0The exact chemistry and process parameters should still be selected according to the flux type, PCB design, component population and required cleanliness level.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ccb842 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"7ccb842\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtube.com\\\/shorts\\\/G6G_coScFgE?si=CMxehEBUvszl49Lx&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7677f6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7677f6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0 What to Consider Before Choosing a Cleaning Machine<\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Start with the PCB, not the machine<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 691px;\" width=\"458\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"173\">\n<p><strong><b>Factor<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"428\">\n<p><strong><b>Why It Matters<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"173\">\n<p>PCB size and thickness<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"428\">\n<p>Determines the cleaning chamber, fixture configuration and handling<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"173\">\n<p>Component density<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"428\">\n<p>Affects spray access and cleaning coverage<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"173\">\n<p>Flux and contamination type<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"428\">\n<p>Determines the appropriate cleaning chemistry and technology<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"173\">\n<p>Production volume<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"428\">\n<p>Helps determine the required level of automation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"173\">\n<p>Cleanliness target<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"428\">\n<p>Defines how the process should be validated<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"173\">\n<p>Downstream process<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"428\">\n<p>Conformal coating and other steps may add cleanliness requirements<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0This evaluation prevents buying equipment that can technically clean a board but does not suit the actual production process.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e20039f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e20039f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_PCBA_Cleanliness_Verified\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #079298;\"><strong><b>How Is PCBA Cleanliness Verified?<\/b><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63c364e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"63c364e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5cbb09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"a5cbb09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Observe-the-cleanliness-of-the-PCBAs-under-a-microscope.mp4\" controls=\"\" preload=\"metadata\" controlslist=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f08b8e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f08b8e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Cleaning is only one part of the process. Manufacturers also need to confirm that the result meets product and customer requirements.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>ROSE (Resistivity of Solvent Extract). <\/b><\/strong>A method historically used to screen for extractable ionic contamination, useful for certain process-monitoring applications. It does not identify every type of contamination and is not a complete measure of cleanliness. IPC\u2019s approach to ionic cleanliness has also changed over successive revisions, so an old universal ROSE limit should not be treated as a current one-size-fits-all criterion.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Ion chromatography (IC). <\/b><\/strong>Identifies and quantifies specific ions such as chloride and bromide. It is especially useful when you need to investigate the source or composition of contamination rather than run a general screening test.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Surface insulation resistance (SIR). <\/b><\/strong>Evaluates electrical insulation performance under controlled environmental and electrical conditions. It is not simply a cleanliness measurement; it helps assess how materials and contamination influence electrical reliability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0A cleaning process should be judged not only by how clean a board looks, but also by whether it meets the reliability requirements of the application.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00a0 What Standards Should You Consider?<\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0There is no single universal cleanliness number for every PCBA. Requirements should be set according to the product, materials, process, environment and customer. Two widely used IPC documents are relevant:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>IPC-A-610<\/b><\/strong>\u2014 Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>IPC J-STD-001<\/b><\/strong>\u2014 Requirements for Soldered Electrical and Electronic Assemblies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0They are often used together, but neither should be read as a universal \u201cPCBA cleaning standard.\u201d The cleanliness target for a specific program should be defined and validated against its actual requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5215e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5215e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_Does_Post-Assembly_Cleaning_Matter_Most\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #079298;\"><strong><b>When Does Post-Assembly Cleaning Matter Most?<\/b><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0Contamination control runs through the whole process: bare PCB surface condition before assembly, clean handling and fixtures during assembly, and post-assembly cleaning for soldering and handling residues. Post-assembly cleaning becomes particularly relevant when:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The product has demanding reliability requirements<\/li>\n<li>Flux residues are not acceptable for the application<\/li>\n<li>Conformal coating will be applied<\/li>\n<li>The assembly operates in humid or harsh environments<\/li>\n<li>The customer specifies a cleanliness requirement<\/li>\n<li>The product contains contamination-sensitive interfaces or components<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Clean-Looking_PCBA_Is_Not_Always_a_Clean_PCBA\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #079298;\"><strong><b>A Clean-Looking PCBA Is Not Always a Clean PCBA<\/b><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0One of the biggest mistakes in PCBA cleaning is relying only on visual inspection. A board can look clean while still carrying ionic or organic residues that are hard to see. A sound strategy connects three elements:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><b>Contamination \u2192 Cleaning Process \u2192 Verification<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0First, identify what needs to be removed. Second, choose a cleaning process compatible with the board and its components. Third, verify that the process consistently achieves the required result.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0b78c8 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0b78c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a5bb9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8a5bb9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Comparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines4-576x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20009\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Comparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines4-576x1024.png 576w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Comparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines4-169x300.png 169w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Comparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines4-768x1365.png 768w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Comparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines4-864x1536.png 864w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Comparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines4-1152x2048.png 1152w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Comparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines4-7x12.png 7w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Comparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines4-300x533.png 300w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Comparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines4-600x1067.png 600w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Comparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines4.png 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2f355 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1c2f355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/AComparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines1-576x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20010\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/AComparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines1-576x1024.png 576w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/AComparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines1-169x300.png 169w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/AComparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines1-768x1365.png 768w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/AComparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines1-864x1536.png 864w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/AComparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines1-1152x2048.png 1152w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/AComparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines1-7x12.png 7w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/AComparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines1-300x533.png 300w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/AComparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines1-600x1067.png 600w, https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/AComparison-of-Microscope-Based-PCB-Assembly-Cleaning-Machines1.png 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-394f5cf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"394f5cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db22396 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db22396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Final_Thoughts\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #079298;\"><strong><b>Final Thoughts<\/b><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0PCBA cleaning is not about making a circuit board look better. It is about controlling contamination that may affect manufacturing processes, electrical performance and long-term reliability. Water-based, solvent, ultrasonic and dry ice cleaning each have their own advantages and limitations, and as volume and quality requirements grow, automation helps deliver more repeatable results with less reliance on manual operation.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0DEZSMART provides automated PCBA cleaning solutions, including the <strong><b>C743 water-based PCBA cleaning machine<\/b><\/strong>, for electronics manufacturers looking to establish a more controlled and repeatable cleaning process.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0If you are evaluating PCBA cleaning equipment, start with your PCB dimensions, contamination type, flux chemistry, production volume and cleanliness requirements. Once these are clear, it becomes much easier to choose the right technology and equipment configuration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 A PCBA can look perfectly clean and still contain residues that affect long-term reliability. \u00a0 After soldering and assembly, a board may carry flux residues, ionic contamination, dust, handling residues and other process-related contaminants. Depending on the product design and operating environment, these residues can contribute to corrosion, leakage current, poor conformal coating adhesion [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":19974,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pcb-cleaning"],"modified_by":"DEZSmart","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19972"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19972\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20016,"href":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19972\/revisions\/20016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dezsmt.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}